Periodontal disease (gums) is common among adults in the United States and elsewhere. Untreated, it can cause pain, swelling, abscess and eventually tooth loss, and loss of supportive bone in the jaw. More people over the age of 35 lose teeth from gum disease than those from cavities or damage. Infectious tooth disease is a major cause of tooth loss. According to a 1996 American / Colgate Dental Association survey, US dentists say gum disease is a much more serious oral health problem than tooth decay with a 2-to-1 incurable margin, and if the jawbone is doing little to reverse it. However, it can be treated, both surgically and not surgically.
Less well known, is the relationship between periodontal disease and other more serious diseases. There are several studies done to explore the relationship between gum disease and other, more serious diseases. One study conducted was that Sweden, among young adults, showed an increased risk of premature death from cancer, blood circulation or digestion (1). Similarly, a study conducted in the United States by Michaud et.al. (2) showed an increased risk of cancer in a large population of male health professionals with periodontal disease and jaw loss. These findings indicate a significant relationship between periodontal disease and kidney, kidney and pancreatic cancer. A third study found that severe gum disease can accelerate death in people with diabetes. Researchers at the National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK) have found that people with diabetes with periodontal disease have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and kidney failure (two), which are two major complications of type 2 diabetes. the need for good oral hygiene in people with diabetes, who are highly prone to gum disease.
Evidence that periodontal disease causes cancer is not proven and is in dispute. However, what is not disputed is the fact that there is a significant relationship between gum disease and certain types of cancer.
Similarly, there is a link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that certain C-reactive peptide enzymes are elevated in both heart disease and periodontal disease. Similarly, there is a direct link between periodontal disease and type II diabetes (adult). In fact, in a recent lecture given by the prestigious Joslin Clinic for Diabetes, and attended by this author, it was stated that if gum disease was treated, diabetes improved, and if someone treated diabetes, gum disease would improve.
So what does this mean for the average dental patient?
First, it is important that regular six-month checkups are part of one's health regimen. Second, if the dentist detects periodontal disease during routine examination, it cannot be ignored. It is important that the treatment of this condition begins as soon as possible. Although periodontal disease cannot be fully cured and damage done cannot be reversed, the deterioration that can cause it can be slowed or stopped. Finally, it is important that dentists and physicians communicate with each other to establish a common strategy in the treatment of seemingly related diseases.
Gum disease is very common in the United States among adults. It's not something new to watch. It must be treated to avoid the possibility of it leading to another serious condition.
1. Soder B, Jin L, Klinge B, Soder P. Periodontitis and premature death: a 16-year longitudinal study in a Swedish urban population. J. Beriodontal Res 2007; 42; 361-66
2. Michaud DS, Liu Y, Meyer M, Giovannucci E, Josipura K. Periodontal disease, tooth loss and cancer risk in male health professionals: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2008; 9; 550-58
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